Terrorism Research: Algeria

Terrorism Awareness	Government Position in Opposing Terrorism	Counter-Terrorism Technology	Counter-Terrorism Capability

Algeria has a long tradition of Islamist-inspired terrorism, incited by two groups that compete for power: the Armed Islamic Group GIA) and the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). Al Qaeda has established the GSPC as an alternative to the GIA, which continues to operate in a sleeping mode. In 1996 Osama bin Laden encouraged the GSPC to break away from the GIA because he disapproved of the GIA�s extremely unpopular policy of killing Muslim civilians who were not jihadists. Bin Laden shares the GSPC�s Salafist beliefs, which advocate a restoration of the stringent form of Sunni Islam practiced by companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Although avoiding wanton violence against civilians, the GSPC targets the security services of Algeria�s secular government. In one notorious incident in 2003, the GSPC captured European tourists visiting the Sahara Desert. Fourteen of the hostages were released after more than five months in exchange for ransom paid by the German government; the fifteenth hostage died while in custody.

After 1992 terrorism flared when the government canceled the second round of elections in which an Islamist party, the Islamic Salvation Front, held a substantial lead after the first round. Ensuing civil strife led to the death of as many as 150,000 people. In the early 2000s, the government offered amnesty to the rebels; violence has since abated, but a state of emergency continues. President Bouteflika, who was re-elected in April 2004, enjoys broad support because of the success of his amnesty programs in ushering in a period of relative stability. In September 2005, Bouteflika�s approach was once again endorsed when a popular referendum on the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation passed by an overwhelming margin. The charter provides for a continuing amnesty program for all but the most violent insurgents, exoneration of the security services for alleged misdeeds in fighting the insurgency, and compensation for the victims of terrorism.